For the application of MFC in practice, MFCs operated in a continuous flowthrough mode are needed. Moreover, the desgn should be optimized to minimize the reactorbased losses in MFCs.

Continuous MFC have been developped for a long term MFC operation. These MFCs are fed continously with several substrates (e.g. glucose, acetate, sucrose, waste water) and continuously generate electricity. These types can be used to investigate the evoltution of the microbial community and electrochemical characteristics. The electrochemical parameters are optimized to generate high maximum power outputs. Moreover, they are possibly scalable to cubic meter levels.

Below you find a gallery with some miniaturized MFC designs. Click on the thumbnails to enlarge the pictures.